Friday, May 3, 2019

Free Download Big-Enough Anna: The Little Sled Dog Who Braved Th, by Pam Flowers Ann Dixon

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Big-Enough Anna: The Little Sled Dog Who Braved Th, by Pam Flowers Ann Dixon

Big-Enough Anna: The Little Sled Dog Who Braved Th, by Pam Flowers Ann Dixon


Big-Enough Anna: The Little Sled Dog Who Braved Th, by Pam Flowers Ann Dixon


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Big-Enough Anna: The Little Sled Dog Who Braved Th, by Pam Flowers Ann Dixon

About the Author

Pam Flowers' newest book, SOJO: MEMOIRS OF A RELUCTANT SLED DOG, was published in 2016 and is available on Amazon. It tells the story of a shy little dog who overcomes self-doubt, learns to stand up to her bully-brother, and by doing her job extremely well, earns the respect of her teammates.Pam shares her adventures with dogs in six noteworthy and award-winning books published by Alaska Northwest Books. She has spoken as a visiting author to more than 800,000 students at over 1450 schools across America, lectured at The Smithsonian, received the Gold Medal from the Society of Woman Geographers, and was named an "Outsider of the Year" by Outside Magazine. She has participated in nine arctic expeditions, successfully completed the Iditarod Sled Dog Race, completed a thru-hike of the Appalachian Trail, and appeared three times on THE MOTH international radio show.

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Product details

Age Range: 5 - 8 years

Grade Level: Preschool - 3

Lexile Measure: AD590L (What's this?)

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Paperback: 32 pages

Publisher: Alaska Northwest Books; No Edition Stated edition (October 1, 2003)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0882405802

ISBN-13: 978-0882405803

Product Dimensions:

8.1 x 0.2 x 10.1 inches

Shipping Weight: 5.6 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

5.0 out of 5 stars

12 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#451,266 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Big Enough Anna is a winner all around. The message is encouraging without being patronizing or syrupy; the illustrations will draw in even children who might think dogs are a little bit scary; and the story itself is full of a sense of daring and adventure and, most of all, the love between the musher/storyteller and her team of sled dogs. A great classroom unit could be built around this book, using the adult/teen version of the same story (Alone Across the Arctic) for additional background info or activity inspiration. (Both books could be read by a teacher in a weekend.) You will fall in love with Anna and all the dogs, and be cheering for them throughout all 3,000 miles of their expedition!

One of my jobs at our local library is to read stories to young children, sometimes also at elementary schools. I recently read this story to the 1st,2nd, 3rd and 4th graders and it received rave reviews. One teacher had each of her students draw a picture of his or her favorite story, and 25 of the 30 drawings were of Anna , the amazingly brave little sled dog. The illustrations were beautiful and large enough for groups of children to see them , while the text had a good amount of drama that held their interest.

I picked this book up at the library for an elementary school where I work that was doing a section on sled dogs and the Iditarod. I liked it so well I bought a copy for my own collection. The story is a great adventure, the illustrations are simple and powerful and children will be fascinated that it is true. I loaned it to a friend who loves dogs and children's books and now she needs her own copy, too.

It is the true story of Pam Flower's sled dog. She told it to our school children when she visited. Wonderful story of bravery!

Love it...

My daughter loves this and the other Pam F. Kids sled dog book! Great art, story, and wonderful role model for young ones.

Good book

This is a book that will delight readers of all ages. Not only are the illustrations masterpieces, the story is as well.Anna is a beautiful husky who is the runt of her litter. She and her littermates train for a 2,500 - 3,000 mile run that will take them an estimated six months.The curly tailed dog and her littermates are followed as they are being trained for the run. Mushers and dogs alike work well together; the bond of cooperation between them is not only strong; it is paramount.The beautiful husky, once dismissed because of her small size proves herself to be up to every challenge during the training and the run. The Little Husky Who Could can take her place with Akiak, another husky who proved her stamina and determination even when her mushers wanted to retire her. An excellent family, classroom and general discussion book, the message can never be shared enough. This wonderful book makes me think of McFadden & Whitehead's 1979 classic, "Ain't No Stopping Us Now" and Matthew Wilder's 1983 hit, "Ain't Nothing Gonna Break My Stride."

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Be a Network Marketing Superstar: The One Book You Need to Make More Money Than You Ever Thought Possible, by Mary Christensen

Be a Network Marketing Superstar: The One Book You Need to Make More Money Than You Ever Thought Possible, by Mary Christensen


Be a Network Marketing Superstar: The One Book You Need to Make More Money Than You Ever Thought Possible, by Mary Christensen


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From the Back Cover

If you want to achieve supreme success in network marketing, you need to use the techniques used by network marketing megastars. This invaluable guide contains a powerful, 26-step program that will help you: • master the six core skills of successful network marketing • sharpen your salesmanship • become more persuasive • build relationships • overcome roadblocks • radiate positive energy • find and attract quality people • be a powerful coach and mentor. Packed with helpful worksheets and exercises, this inspiring resource gives you the tools and confidence you need to become a superstar moneymaker. Advance Praise for Be a Network MarketIng Superstar “I love this book! Everyone considering a part- or full-time career in network marketing should read it. It offers a road map to success that is very practical, simple, and duplicable. From beginning to end, Mary offers valuable insights from her unmatched experience in network marketing that will get results. It will be a favorite with new distributors, seasoned network marketing leaders, and corporate staff.”— Craig Dalley, Executive Director, US Sales, Nature’s Sunshine Products “This book takes the mystery out of how to succeed in network marketing regardless of the product or service being sold and regardless of whether the primary selling and recruiting tactic is party plan or person-to-person. This book is not about hype, but is full of substantive advice, including interactive exercises to help one create an ‘action plan for success’ as they read the book. It will enhance the work and lives of network marketers everywhere. This book is also an easy read because Mary has a unique ability to share valuable experiences and guidelines in such a very concise way.”— John Fleming, Publisher and Editor in Chief, Direct Selling News Mary Christensen has more than 25 years of experience in network marketing, having recruited more than 1,000 people in her first year, and later holding executive roles in two multinational network marketing corporations where she helped thousands to succeed. Wayne Christensen, previously an award-winning creative director, now writes full-time.

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Product details

Paperback: 160 pages

Publisher: AMACOM; First edition (May 23, 2007)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0814474314

ISBN-13: 978-0814474310

Product Dimensions:

6 x 0.4 x 9 inches

Shipping Weight: 11.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.5 out of 5 stars

84 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#85,344 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Mary Christensen is amazing!!! She is a wonderful writer- she is very witty, and it feels like you are getting your own coaching session with a friend while reading the book. She will teach you so many techniques which will help you grow your business. By purchasing this book, you are making an investment in your business, and more importantly in yourself. If you are debating buying the book..... JUST BUY IT!!! You will quickly see a return of your investment through increased sales and growth of your business.

When you read a lot of books on MLM or Network Marketing, you get a discerning ear for what is just "fluff" and what actually has value. Mary's writing is succinct and to-the-point. It has been reduced and boiled down into a pure elixir of knowledge and I wanted to lick my plate. Nothing but protein here, tips I can implement and a wealth of knowledge that she passed on as a flaming torch which will light up my organization! Thanks Mary!

I've been with a direct selling company that I LOVE for four months now. I heard about Mary Christensen from our company when they announced she would be our guest speaker at our annual convention. Getting a sneak peak of what Mary was all about on one of our company calls, I was immediately drawn to purchase her Be a Network Marketing Superstar book. I'm still mid-read, but all of her tips are perfect ~ a lot of which are in line with the Law of Attraction ~ and the practical exercises at the end of each chapter are great to get you going and motivated to be successful!I would recommend this book to those just starting out, those who have self-doubts, and those who just need that inspiration to keep going.Mary was an absolutely JOY to listen and learn from at our convention, and I am absolutely pre-ordering her Party Planner book!

In "Be A Network Marketing Superstar," Mary Christensen (with Wayne Christensen) offers an excellent overview of the qualities and mindset necessary to succeed in network marketing. With real-life examples and highlights of her personal challenges and accomplishments, Christensen provides key insights and outlines specific helpful steps to take. She gives a good snapshot of the industry (including a brief historical review), which I think is particularly valuable given that so many are seeking an alternative to traditional "jobs" - in today's broken economy. Since this industry is growing so rapidly, a basic primer from a seasoned professional is essential. This books fills the bill. There are practical exercises and some real gems. In the very beginning she states what she calls the three basic principles of network marketing: "1. There are no shortcuts 2. There are no excuses 3. There are no trophies for trying." She, quite rightly I believe, gives the real key to success: "Although knowledge is a powerful asset, knowledge translated into action is the winning formula." And with real understanding she is both encouraging and direct: "It takes courage to change your life. Confidence will come when you start to see results. Courage first, then confidence." As an Internet marketing mentor and coach, I find this small volume to be an excellent introductory overview; and highly recommend it to anyone who is thinking of getting in to this dynamic and rewarding industry, or who has perhaps been in it for a while and wants a great refresher.

Great motivational and inspirational book for anyone in, or looking to get started in, network marketing/party plan businesses. Lots of useful tips and information that can be applied to your business and beyond. Would recommend if you are highly motivated to succeed in a network marketing company and need a little extra guidance.

Its a great book for finding out why you want to be a network marketer, what's holding you back and getting you motivated to do the work.

The tips are practical but helpful. The questions and reflection are more than helpful in working and improving my business!

I love network marketing and I have always looked for a book that makes the concept plain and simple and I finally found it. I've been in traditional sales for many years and presently have my own network marketing business.This book really helped me define in detail my motivation or my why. Whether we realize it or not, the 'why' is what drives us to do everything. But since we seldom think about our decisions in that way, when you make a decision to earn income in a non-traditional way, it helps to drill down on your motivation to keep that in front of you when things get tough.I love that the book is set up with short and very easy exercises at the end of each chapter. These exercises drill home the point just covered and help you to define the concept in your own business. As I have completed the exercises, I have uncovered some important skills I want to update and that will surely help my business.This is a must-read for beginners however veteran network marketers or sales people can certainly be refreshed on the simple tactics, methods, and concepts. I like that you can read and act as you go. No need to stop productivity just to read this book. Read and work. Read and work.I think readers will also enjoy Mary's upbeat and positive tone throughout the book. IMO the book is a must read for everyone in sales and especially network marketing. The book has really set me back on track and I'm sure it will do the same for you.

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Monday, April 22, 2019

Free Ebook , by Pilar Parralejo

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, by Pilar Parralejo

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, by Pilar Parralejo


Free Ebook , by Pilar Parralejo

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, by Pilar Parralejo

Product details

File Size: 1959 KB

Print Length: 185 pages

Publication Date: February 23, 2019

Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC

Language: Spanish

ASIN: B07P1NSD1N

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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#21,734 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)

Una historia conmovedora,romántica,divertida,que te muestra lo que pasan tantas personas callada mente sinque otros sepan la enfermedad que está padeciendo, recomiendo está novela está bien bonita en lo personal me gustó bastante.🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 3/2/19😘

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Wednesday, April 3, 2019

Ebook

Posted by Kay Morin in No comments

Ebook

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Ebook

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Product details

File Size: 1308 KB

Print Length: 340 pages

Simultaneous Device Usage: Unlimited

Publication Date: November 1, 2018

Sold by: Amazon Digital Services LLC

Language: English

ASIN: B07K4DB1Z4

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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#67,287 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)

This cookbook is not a professional publication. There is no index, the table of contents is grouped randomly, the ingredients are not listed in order, and the directions lack precision. Also there are no photos are the paper quality is like newsprint.

There is no recipe index and the table of contents organization is mixed up at best. English is not its native language and there are some startling errors. Page 29 "Unplug when the machine is cooking." Do not buy this book!

First, let me say I have not tried any of the recipes in this book, so I cannot say whether they are good or bad. I haven't tried them because this book is filled with bad grammar, typos, incomplete instructions and instructions that make no sense. Possibly English is not the first language of the author. If so, a copy editor was badly needed. Secondly, I initially thought the lack any pictures was an effort to keep it simple. Wrong. This was just another reason why the book is slapdash, throw-a-book-together as fast as you can. Third, the table of contents is useless - really messed up. For example — Breakfast items (oatmeal) in "Desserts"; Kielbasa, Potato, Sauerkraut in "Breakfast". Fourth - The heading for each recipe is barely readable - in a light gray font. And lastly, at least it's cheap — all this for less than $10.00!

I gave this 2 Stars based on what others wrote about the recipes. First, the titles are so faint you can hardly see them. Second, there are ZERO pictures of the recipes! I like to know what my recipes are suppose to look like. Third, it is not very professional. Looks like something you would do on home computer. Large print is a plus. Appears to have good information, which is a big plus. Not worth the price to send it back.

The way this book is put together is quite interesting. For instance, page 260 is listed as "Ground Beef Enchilada Pasta." When you turn to 260 it even says that in the header. But when you look through the recipe you see that it's actually for some kind of chicken slider. Under "Breakfast" in the Table of Contents, you'll find many other items like Lentil Bolognese, Mac and Cheese, Cheesy Chili Mac, Frittata, quiche, and even goulash. Maybe people have those items for breakfast and I just wasn't aware? Strange book and hard to rate but the recipes are still there so I gave it a 3. If nothing else, for the entertainment it provides. Maybe I should have given it a 4.

Use this book constantly & love it. The recipes & tips are great. I just finished making the Quick Chicken Tikka Masala (mmmm good) & was looking for something else to try. So far, every recipe made has been outstanding.

This is the first book with so many recipes adapted to cooking in an instant pot in my book collection. All recipes have a detailed description and are quick to prepare. The range of dishes is very diverse and will satisfy every taste. Eating with this cookbook is tasty easy and healthy.

his is the most popular recipes guide forever. Make recipes easy and tasty also from this guide instant pot cookbook. Home made recipes really excellent. I like also this book guideline. Good content with good directions. I think that's the great guide instant pot recipes cookbook for everyone. All the recipes contained in this book are fresh, foolproof and easy that anyone can cook without breaking a sweat. Overall so helpful cookbook.

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Thursday, March 28, 2019

Download Ebook Cultivating Conscience: How Good Laws Make Good People

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Cultivating Conscience: How Good Laws Make Good People

Cultivating Conscience: How Good Laws Make Good People


Cultivating Conscience: How Good Laws Make Good People


Download Ebook Cultivating Conscience: How Good Laws Make Good People

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Cultivating Conscience: How Good Laws Make Good People

Review

"Cultivating Conscience is a blistering attack on the 'law and economics' school, which has had an enormous impact in the US legal academy. . . . But despite that focus, Cultivating Conscience is not only for a US readership: its clear and highly readable style, enlivened by real-life examples, also makes it accessible and of great interest on this side of the Atlantic. . . . Cultivating Conscience is lucid and stimulating."---Bill Bowring, Times Higher Education"[D]uality in human nature, and the connection between conscience and public policy, is masterfully examined in this book by Lynn A. Stout. . . . Cultivating Conscience is a forceful and rational proposition for reasonable change."---John Michael Senger, ForeWord Reviews"Stout makes the compelling case that conscience is neither a rare nor quirky phenomenon, but a vital force woven into our daily lives. . . . This book proves that if we care about effective laws and civilized society, the powers of conscience are simply too important for us to ignore."---Marshal Zeringue, Campaign for the American Reader blog"Cultivating Conscience is one of those rare books--essentially a single-theme book, an apologia for the author's subject matter--that eruditely comingles several fields of knowledge, is clearly and succinctly written, holds the reader's full attention throughout, and whose contents affect the reader's thoughts at unsuspecting times and on various topics long after reading is complete. In short, it is well worth reading by both laypersons and professionals."---Cynthia C. Siebel, PsycCRITIQUES"Lynn Stout's rich and thought-provoking book explores the full spectrum of human behavior, from selfishness to self-sacrifice. Her insights will fascinate anyone interested in the law, economics, psychology, and everyday human existence."―Jared Diamond, author of Guns, Germs, and Steel and Collapse"With evident pride in their own tough-mindedness, rational choice theorists have long insisted that people are self-interested in the narrow sense. Lynn Stout's tough-minded book should persuade all but the most stubborn of them to rethink their skepticism. The rest of us will find useful guidance for how to restructure environments to help bring out the best in everyone."―Robert H. Frank, author of The Economic Naturalist"This concise book makes meaningful linkages between social science work and basic areas of the law in ways that will engage and resonate with general readers. Cultivating Conscience offers much food for reflection."―Robert C. Clark, Harvard Law School"This is a powerful book. Its argument is timely, not only theoretically but practically. Eloquently written, a truly engaging read. This should be widely read―and, more importantly, acted upon."―Edward F. Fischer, Vanderbilt University

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From the Inside Flap

"Lynn Stout's rich and thought-provoking book explores the full spectrum of human behavior, from selfishness to self-sacrifice. Her insights will fascinate anyone interested in the law, economics, psychology, and everyday human existence."--Jared Diamond, author of Guns, Germs, and Steel and Collapse"With evident pride in their own tough-mindedness, rational choice theorists have long insisted that people are self-interested in the narrow sense. Lynn Stout's tough-minded book should persuade all but the most stubborn of them to rethink their skepticism. The rest of us will find useful guidance for how to restructure environments to help bring out the best in everyone."--Robert H. Frank, author ofThe Economic Naturalist"This concise book makes meaningful linkages between social science work and basic areas of the law in ways that will engage and resonate with general readers.Cultivating Conscience offers much food for reflection."--Robert C. Clark, Harvard Law School"This is a powerful book. Its argument is timely, not only theoretically but practically. Eloquently written, a truly engaging read. This should be widely read--and, more importantly, acted upon."--Edward F. Fischer, Vanderbilt University

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Product details

Hardcover: 320 pages

Publisher: Princeton University Press (October 24, 2010)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0691139954

ISBN-13: 978-0691139951

Product Dimensions:

5.9 x 1 x 8.4 inches

Shipping Weight: 1 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.6 out of 5 stars

8 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#975,627 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

According to Lynn Stout (LS), the "homo economicus" model -- the rational, calculating selfishness that is presented as a universal trait of human behavior in modern economics -- is anything but universal. While we may exhibit this sort of behavior some of the time or in certain contexts, e.g. when trading on the stock market, most of us are actually unselfish a great deal of the time. We don't drop garbage onto freshly-cleaned floors, we line up patiently for ice cream on a hot day, we usually obey the law and expect others to, as well.LS describes experiments with certain types of games, which show that this unselfishness is common across cultures. They also show that depending on the rules of the game, "unselfish prosocial behavior" can be encouraged or undermined. Financial incentives -- the favorite remedy of economists, and judges and lawyers who follow the "law and economics" school of thought -- can actually undermine unselfishness. She cites the famous example of the (Israeli) day-care center that decided to fine parents who were late to pick up their children: lateness was even more frequent than in the pre-fine regime, because parents' guilt was transformed into the feeling that they were paying a bit more for the convenience of showing up later. Certain aspects of American law take this unselfishness into account. For example, those who injure the person or property of others through negligence (an example of what's called a "tort," in legalese) aren't expected to pay the full amount of the victim's damage, while those who seem to have been deliberately callous might have to pay far more than that amount, in punitive damages.The book makes many good points. The "H. economicus" model is certainly flawed. Usual law and economics scholarship does often come up with flawed or even perverse recommendations. Legislators and regulators ought to structure laws so that they don't undermine our tendency to be unselfish. And what I found to be maybe the simplest and most important point: we just don't notice enough about how nice people are most of the time. Bad behavior grabs our attention more, misleading us into believing it's more prevalent than it is. These points are presented in a very clear style that reads as smoothly as the work of a professional journalist, which is quite an achievement for a law professor.While I agreed with these big points, and also with some of LS's more specific recommendations (such as that companies not be treated the same as individuals under the law, since they more often exhibit selfish behavior than humans do), I was less persuaded, and sometimes confused or even troubled, by some of LS's supporting argumentation. Moreover, with its combination of utilitarianism, scientism and elitism, the book comes across more as a sort of heterodox Law and Economics, rather than a "blistering attack" on it, as a blurb would have it. The rest of this long review focuses on these reservations.1. LS's use of the word "conscience" seems to be inconsistent throughout the book. After emphasizing that the distinction between acts and feelings is crucial (@12f), LS defines conscience as behavior: "Emotions like pride, guilt, and irrational worry feel subjectively selfish. But the _behavior_ they inspire is not. However egoistic her motive, the person who sacrifices time or wealth to help or avoid hurting someone has acted, objectively, unselfishly. ... As a result, this book will define an act as unselfishly prosocial when it requires the actor to sacrifice time, money, or some other valuable resource to help, or to avoid harming, others. ... A principal theme of this book is that unselfish prosocial behavior -- conscience -- is a very real, very common, very powerful and very important phenomenon." (@13-15; emphasis in original.)Often in the rest of the book, though, the text vacillates between speaking of conscience as behavior and conscience as feeling. E.g., LS speaks of "the idea that most people have a conscience" (@16), and faults scholars who don't consider "how conscience might influence behavior" (@36). And later:"To the regulator or policymaker, it doesn't matter if 'selfish' feelings prompt people to keep promises, follow rules and help others. What matters is that they _do_ keep promises, follow rules and help others -- even when they have little or no external incentive to do so. We don't need to fully understand the workings of conscience to study, and value, how it affects behavior." (@55; emphasis in original.)And again: "'[C]onscience' may be a form of cognitive error, a prosocial glitch in our thinking that prompts us to behave as if we expect to meet people again and as if we believe we are being observed ...." (@135f.) If a person's conscience is *behavior,* it cannot be a cognitive error or "prompt" her to behave in a certain way.I'm surprised that none of the Princeton U. Press editors or peer reviewers caught this ambiguity about the most important word in the book.2. Declaring psychological utility to be a "crafty and common" strategy of economists (@33), LS points out that "[a]ny and all types of philanthropic, destructive, or downright bizarre behaviors ... becomes by definition self-interested. This circularity ... erodes the value of economics as a predictive tool. ... For economics to preserve its predictive power, we must assume people get utility primarily from improving their own material circumstances."By excluding psychological pleasure or pain as motivators in economics, LS rejects more than 200 years of economic theory (dating back at least to the French utilitarian economist J.-B. Say). The early neoclassical economists, such as Léon Walras and Francis Edgewood, whom most would say *gave* economics its predictive power, were firmly in this psychological camp. They would agree that such behaviors can be self-interested; indeed, the Chicago School accounts of altruism, crime, etc. are based exactly on this sort of psychological pay-off.But does LS's revisionism actually improve the predictive ability of economics? According to her theory, there are times when people do act in a "self-interested" way, e.g. when shopping for cheap gasoline, and times when people act with a "conscience." Her theory still needs to account for how we can discriminate between the two regimes of behavior *predictively.* Moreover, by defining "conscience" as behavior, she doesn't offer any *explanation* of why people behave that way in the specific circumstance. Conscience becomes merely a descriptive term.Conventional utility theory is much more elegant, because it explains ALL our actions through the notion of utility. Sure, it too needs some criterion for predicting when we will be motivated by material benefits and when by psychological ones -- but this is no weaker than LS's own theory. By having a unified explanation, instead of introducing an operational notion of conscience that is unexplained, conventional utility theory avoids dragging unnecessary entities into the theory, as Occam's Razor recommends. (NB: I'm not a fan of conventional utility theory. I'm simply pointing out that it isn't weaker than LS's theory when it comes to prediction, and in fact is superior in some formal ways.)I think what LS might be getting at is falsifiability, not predictability. Psychological utility theory isn't *falsifiable,* because it can justify any action ex post by the notion of "well, you did it, so that means you really preferred to do it." If that's really what she meant, I'd agree that this is indeed a "crafty" weakness of the theory, and one that can lead to evil applications of economic argument.3. Evolutionary theory plays a strange role in this book. Several times LS speaks of observations of unselfish behavior "finding support" in evolutionary theory (e.g., @ 101, 146). Shouldn't it be the other way around -- that observations support a theory (or don't)?Chapter 6 of the book is a long, speculative proposal for how conscience evolved. It has falsifiability issues of its own, being in the vein of that somewhat plausible speculation you find in Polybius, Hobbes and Rousseau about how different forms of human organization were created. Another flaw of the explanation -- and an ironic echo of the fallacy of psychological utility theory -- is that it assumes that because a trait exists today, it's therefore adaptive or useful in some way. LS deals neither with the notion of evolutionary neutrality, nor with Stephen Jay Gould's idea of "spandrels," characteristics that didn't originate through natural selection, though they may prove to be adaptive later.Overall, the true function of evolutionary explanation in the book seems to be a form of scientism: borrowing the prestige of science for rhetorical purposes, even when it isn't justified in terms of the science being invoked. LS provides more in this vein by frequent references to fMRI brain scans and the like (10, 112, 138, 241). Modern economics is guilty of scientism in spades, with mathematics and physics; but I'm not sure that retaliation with biology is an improvement. And LS's gambit creates some other explanatory problems, as I'll mention below.4. One explanatory problem is that LS ignores culture as a differentiator. Traits that evolve biologically and claimed as features of "human nature" should apply to all groups of people, and at all times on sufficiently short time scales (e.g., less than tens of thousands of years, for human evolution). So, in Chapter 7, LS points out that understanding conscience helps us to understand the US system of tort law (e.g., @174). What about tort law outside the US? What about US tort law at other times during the past 300 years? Should we credit human nature for the presence of certain features in current US law, if those features aren't shared by all legal systems that are near enough to ours in history?5. Some important cultural features missing from the book are religion and deontological ethics. LS declares that we are all "intuitive utilitarians" (@115, 225). But does everyone always "weigh benefits to others against costs to ourselves in choosing to act prosocially" (@225)? Many people act because they *believe it is the right thing to do,* period. Far from being a "cognitive error " based on mistaken beliefs, some people might be nice to strangers because of a belief in karma, a belief that there is something divine in every human, or a reading of Kant, among other possible explanations.6. On a more specific note: the book's analysis of contract law (Chapter 8) is far removed from actual business practice, being overly concerned with the roles of judges and lawsuits and the theories of professors. Based on my roughly 30 years' experience as a transactional lawyer, it sure doesn't seem to me that parties to contracts treat each other decently because of what judges say; most parties to contracts *don't have any idea* of what courts say, nor could they care less. The chapter also doesn't discuss the realities of unequal bargaining power, which affects people's choice of partner and constrains their subsequent behavior, and arbitration, which is on its way to making judges obsolete in contract disputes in the US.This lack of realism also impacts the book's broader arguments. LS faults "behavioral economists" for relaxing the assumption of rationality in economics while retaining the assumption of selfishness. But she herself retains the fiction that economics consists in transactions between strangers (see esp. her copious references to experimental gaming). In fact, much of economic life occurs between parties who know each other. We are still waiting for a theory of economics that takes this adequately into account.7. Finally, a point that troubled me most: LS encourages readers to understand conscience as *instrumental*, a tool of control. She presents a "model" of conscience based on three "variables": instructions from authority, beliefs about other's prosocial behavior, and the magnitude of benefits to others (@99). Immediately afterwards, in a section entitled "WHY THESE THREE SOCIAL VARIABLES?," LS notes "[T]hese three variables are especially easy for lawmakers and policymakers to manipulate; that is, they offer especially good levers for shifting human behavior on a large scale." (@100.)This emphasis on regulators and policymakers (who in the US are typically unelected officials in the Executive branch), as well the book's frequent references to "lay" people and terminology, reminded me uneasily of the elite "Planners" in Sunstein and Thaler's "Nudge," an example of the behavioral economic analysis LS lambastes. There isn't any role for politics in this book, just as there wasn't in S&T's. Moreover laws are to be obeyed -- no role for civil disobedience or conscientious objection, either. Clearly, LS had many good and humane intentions when writing this book. But it is uncomfortable to see control as the central theme, and justice and democracy absent.In her closing pages, LS contrasts the beliefs of two early 20th Century US Supreme Court Justices, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Louis Brandeis. Holmes believed that the law should assume that all men are bad, whereas Brandeis believed that "no small part of the law's function is to make men good." "The scientific evidence supports Brandeis over Holmes," she declares. I don't read her book as supporting this conclusion at all. For more than 250 pages LS emphasizes that the scientific evidence is that men are *already* good, at least most of the time. What law can do, she points out, is to create incentives for men to be selfish and bad -- so policymakers and regulators should be careful not to undermine their goodness. I think that's a very important message. I only wish that the book's own arguments put it into clearer relief.

Brilliant analysis of the economic dominant model followed by a fascinating theory.Stout's work on behavior finance is outstanding and the book is of mandatory reading for all who want a better understanding of the contemporary economy.

These were probably our most lively discussions we've had (and highest attendance). So many great moments... revelations, societal and personal, stirred by this great take on a complex subject with remarkable clarity and rivet. I emphatically recommend to your book club.

One of the best masterpieces

Cultivating Conscience is a wonderful book that criticizes the standard economic model of people as excessively self-interested and rational. Stout argues persuasively that human beings do not respond robotically to material incentives as many economicists think they do. She maintains altruism is a central fact of human behavior that has been overlooked by the standard economic model, which she labels Homo Economicus. My only caveat is that Chapters 7-9 are a little tedious to those readers without a legal background. But even here, give the author credit--she warns you in advance. This is a book written for smart people but not necessarily academics. If you're in a ECO 101 class, give this to your teacher. He/she might change her lectures.

The author critiques the common assumption, taught not only in economics but also in law, politics, and more, that humans are "homo economicus," i.e. rationally selfish utility maximizers whose primary (or sole) motivation is our own profit and well-being. Narrowly used, this model works well to describe our actions in a well regulated market, where the butcher, the baker, and the candlestick maker offer their products and services not for the well-being of their customers but to make money for themselves, but in so doing they benefit those customers. However, emphasizing our natural selfishness, and organizing our economy, laws, and politics to provide primarily or only external material rewards for behaviors we want to encourage and only external material costs to discourage other behaviors, ignores and unintentionally undermines our natural altruistic tendencies. Yes, we are naturally selfish, but we are also naturally altruistic, and social situations, laws, and expectations can influence which tendencies tend to motivate us and how. The author outlines results from experimental behavioral science showing that unselfish, prosocial behavior is common, crucial, and can be effectively encouraged and cultivated. (Even the fact that people take the time and effort to write unpaid book reviews for the benefit of others demonstrates this.) Ignoring conscience, and emphasizing only external rewards and punishments, sends the implicit message that we are expected to be and supposed to be solely selfish, thereby becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy, and undermining the prosocial altruistic behavior and trust that is a necessary condition for a well functioning and prosperous society, including that market in which the butcher's selfish desire to be paid incentivizes him to work for the benefit of his customer.

"Cultivating Conscience" is on the ROROTOKO list of cutting-edge intellectual nonfiction. The book interview of Professor Stout ran here as the cover feature on November 17, 2010.

This is a really interesting book that covers a lot of ground in a very readable fashion. Stout has some great ideas for straightening things out and getting our country back on track. I highly recommend everyone take note. Smart and inspiring.

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Cultivating Conscience: How Good Laws Make Good People PDF
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